Warm climate AS3 countries
(base building C)
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Headline facts and figures
- Broadly representative of Turkey
- 3.5 million dwellings
- 73,000 buildings (theoretical)
- 22% of dwellings in the region
- Energy-saving potential in stock: 25%, equivalent to 1.7% of region’s final energy demand or 2.4 MtCO2 emissions
Predominant construction and heating features
- In situ concrete walls, flat concrete roof and concrete floor, single-glazed, metal frame windows
- Dwelling-based gas central heating (combi-boilers), allowing installation of TRVs and replacement with condensing combi-boilers
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Cost effectiveness of energy efficiency investment
Energy savings, investment costs and cost of conserved energy
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U-value before
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U-value after
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Energy saved [kWh/m2a]
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Annual investment cost [€/m2a]
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Cost of conserved energy [€cent/kWh]
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Simple payback [a]
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Walls
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1.20
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0.30
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51.9
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31.9%
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0.78
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1.5
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14.0
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Roof
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2.17
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0.24
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20.7
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12.7%
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0.10
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0.5
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4.6
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Floor
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1.20
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0.41
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8.5
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5.2%
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0.12
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1.4
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12.8
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Windows
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3.00
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1.80
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23.1
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14.2%
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0.65
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2.8
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26.3
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Package
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1.66
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0.60
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104.1
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63.9%
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1.65
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1.6
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14.7
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TRVs
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32.6
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20%
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0.21
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0.6
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4.6
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All of the above combined
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115.9
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71.1%
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1.85
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1.6
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14.5
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+ boiler replacement
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126.6
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77.7%
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2.62
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1.9
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16.2
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DHW effect
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12.2
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22.7%
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Energy savings, costs of energy and of CO2 mitigation
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Energy saved [kWh/m2a]
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Cost of supplied energy [€cent/kWh]
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Cost of conserved energy [€cent/kWh]
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Net cost of conserved energy [€cent/kWh]
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Cost of CO2 mitigation [€/tCO2]
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Net cost of CO2 mitigation [€/tCO2]
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Walls
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51.9
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31.9%
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1.9
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1.5
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-0.4
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74
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-17
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Roof
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20.7
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12.7%
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0.5
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-1.4
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24
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-68
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Floor
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8.5
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5.2%
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1.4
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-0.5
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68
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-24
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Windows
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23.1
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14.2%
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2.8
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1.0
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139
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48
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Package
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104.1
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63.9%
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1.9
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1.6
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-0.3
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78
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-14
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TRVs
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32.6
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20%
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0.6
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-1.2
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31
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-61
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All above
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115.9
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71.1%
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1.6
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-0.3
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79
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-13
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+ boiler
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126.6
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77.7%
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1.9
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1.9
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0.0
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93
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2
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DHW effect
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12.2
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22.7%
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Issues
- Nearly all data provided by the Turkish housing ministry is about the housing stock as a whole.
- In terms of climate, Turkey has parallels with France; it is a borderline case between a warm and a moderate climate – it even has few very cold regions – and is likely to have large simultaneous geographical and seasonal climate variability. This is likely to be reflected in a very wide variety of high-rise construction types.