oThe European Alliance of Companies for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
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Overview

Assessing the Situation
• Current potential *
• Wider benefits

Finding a Way Forward
• Opportunities and barriers
• Case studies
• Recommendations

Downloads

Index of links

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High-Rise project >> Assessing the Situation > Current potential >

Refurbishment measures Results      
• For each base building Overall            

Cold climate EU15 countries (base building G)

Headline facts and figures

• Broadly representative of Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany and Sweden
• 5.2 million dwellings
• 141,000 buildings (theoretical)
• 20% of dwellings in the region
• Energy-saving potential in stock: 28%, equivalent to 1.5% of region’s final energy demand or 6.7 MtCO2 emissions

Predominant construction and heating features

• Prefabricated concrete panel walls, flat concrete roof and ground floor above an unheated basement, double-glazed, wood frame windows
• District heating, allowing installation of TRVs and balancing valves

Cost effectiveness of energy efficiency investment

Energy savings, investment costs and cost of conserved energy

 

U-value before

U-value after

Energy saved [kWh/m2a]

Annual investment cost [€/m2a]

Cost of conserved energy [€cent/kWh]

Simple payback [a]

Walls

0.91

0.27

62.7

27.7%

1.33

2.1

5.1

Roof

1.66

0.22

31.0

13.7%

0.31

1.0

2.4

Floor

0.89

0.29

12.9

5.7%

0.31

2.4

5.8

Windows

2.87

1.41

41.6

18.4%

1.87

4.5

10.9

Package

1.33

0.46

148.3

65.5%

3.82

2.6

6.2

TRVs

67.9

30.0%

0.25

0.4

0.7

All of the above combined

171.6

75.9%

4.07

2.4

5.7

Energy savings, costs of energy and of CO2 mitigation

 

Energy saved [kWh/m2a]

Cost of supplied energy [€cent/kWh]

Cost of conserved energy [€cent/kWh]

Net cost of conserved energy [€cent/kWh]

Cost of CO2 mitigation [€/tCO2]

Net cost of CO2 mitigation [€/tCO2]

Walls

62.7

27.7%

7.1

2.1

-5.0

86

-205

Roof

31.0

13.7%

1.0

-6.1

41

-250

Floor

12.9

5.7%

2.4

-4.7

98

-193

Windows

41.6

18.4%

4.5

-2.7

183

-109

Package

148.3

65.5

7.1

2.6

-4.6

105

-186

TRVs

67.9

30.0%

0.4

-6.8

15

-276

All above

171.6

75.9%

2.4

-4.8

97

-195

Issues

• Considering the number of heating degree days, Denmark is a borderline moderate/cold climate country. However, the wind-chill factor is quite high, making it more of a cold climate country.
• Slightly below average dwellings proportion, more variable construction types (as with base building D). District heating is predominantly used in Denmark, Finland and Sweden, but also widely used in Austria and Germany.
• Cost-effectiveness of investment in high-rise stock in this region is in the middle range.
 

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